![]() ![]() This tower is said to have marked the midway point between Europe and China. ![]() Some scholars believe that a " Stone Tower" mentioned by Ptolemy in his famous treatise Geography, and by other early accounts of travel on the old Silk Road, referred to this settlement (due to its etymology). ![]() In ancient times, this area contained Beitian, probably the summer "capital" of the Kangju confederacy. Tashkent was first settled some time between the 5th and 3rd centuries BC by ancient people as an oasis on the Chirchik River, near the foothills of the West Tian Shan Mountains. ![]() Pulleyblank's suggested Tocharian origin for * kaŋk-, Ünal proposes that it was instead an Iranian word and compares it to Pashto kā́ṇay "stone". Against Harold Walter Bailey's and Edwin G. He instead derives the name Čač from Late Proto-Turkic * t 1iāt 2(ă) "stone", which he proposes to be seemingly another translation, besides the apparent Chinese translation 石 shí "stone", of * kaŋk- (whence Chinese transcription 康居 EHC * kʰɑŋ-kɨɑ > standard Chinese Kāngjū), which possibly meant "stone". Ünal (2022) critiques Gershevitch's and Livshits's etymology as being "based on too many assumptions". Livshits proposes that Čač originally designated only the Aral Sea before being used for the Tashkent oasis. Čaēčista, the Aral Sea's name in the Avesta) (whence Middle Chinese transcription * źiäk > standard Chinese Shí with Chinese character 石 for "stone" ), and * Čačkand ~ Čačkanθ was the basis for Turkic adaptation Tashkent, popularly etymologized as "stone city". Ilya Gershevitch (1974:55, 72) (apud Livshits, 2007:179) traces the city's old name Chach back to Old Iranian * čāiča- "area of water, lake" (cf. Abu Rayhan Biruni wrote that the city's name Tashkent comes from the Turkic tash and kent, literally translated as "Stone City" or "City of Stones". Etymology ĭuring its long history, Tashkent has undergone various changes in names and political and religious affiliations. History įor a chronological guide, see Timeline of Tashkent. In 2009, it celebrated its 2,200 years of written history. Today, as the capital of an independent Uzbekistan, Tashkent retains a multiethnic population, with ethnic Uzbeks as the majority. It was the fourth-largest city in the Soviet Union at the time, after Moscow, Leningrad and Kyiv. Much of Tashkent was destroyed in the 1966 Tashkent earthquake, but it was rebuilt as a model Soviet city. In Soviet times, it witnessed major growth and demographic changes due to forced deportations from throughout the Soviet Union. In 1865, Tashkent fell to the Russian Empire it became the capital of Russian Turkestan. From the 18th to the 19th centuries, the city became an independent city-state, before being re-conquered by the Khanate of Kokand. After Genghis Khan destroyed it in 1219, it was rebuilt and profited from the Silk Road. It is located in northeastern Uzbekistan, near the border with Kazakhstan.īefore Islamic influence started in the mid-8th century AD, Tashkent was influenced by the Sogdian and Turkic cultures. It is the most populous city in Central Asia, with a population of 3 million. Tashkent ( / t æ ʃ ˈ k ɛ n t/, US also / t ɑː ʃ-/ Russian: Ташкент, IPA: ⓘ) or Toshkent ( / t ɒ ʃ ˈ k ɛ n t/ Uzbek: Тошкент / تاشکند, IPA: ) historically known as Chach, Shash, Binkat) is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan. ![]()
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